summer in Old French

Forms: summer oblique singular or [canonical, masculine], summers [oblique, plural], summers [nominative, singular], summer [nominative, plural], somier [alternative], somer [alternative], somiere [alternative], sumer [alternative] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Late Latin saumarius, sagmarius, from Latin sagma. Etymology templates: {{inh|fro|la-lat|saumarius}} Late Latin saumarius, {{inh|fro|la|sagma}} Latin sagma Head templates: {{fro-noun|m}} summer oblique singular, m (oblique plural summers, nominative singular summers, nominative plural summer)

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "sense": "pack horse; horizontal beam",
          "word": "summer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "sumer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "saumarius"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin saumarius",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sagma"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sagma",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin saumarius, sagmarius, from Latin sagma.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "summer oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "summers",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "summers",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "summer",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "somier",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "somer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "somiere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sumer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "summer oblique singular, m (oblique plural summers, nominative singular summers, nominative plural summer)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 3 12 6 4 9 11 10 4 2 6 5 2 3 18 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 18 5 1 1 4 6 8 1 1 4 19 0 1 12 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summer (pack horse)"
      ],
      "id": "en-summer-fro-noun-bgTvjWYb",
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "#Etymology_2"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "summer (beam)"
      ],
      "id": "en-summer-fro-noun-2xqkCNLh",
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "#Etymology_2"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "summer"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French masculine nouns",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Late Latin",
    "Old French terms derived from Latin",
    "Old French terms inherited from Late Latin",
    "Old French terms inherited from Latin",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "sense": "pack horse; horizontal beam",
          "word": "summer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "sumer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "saumarius"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin saumarius",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sagma"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sagma",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin saumarius, sagmarius, from Latin sagma.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "summer oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "summers",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "summers",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "summer",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "somier",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "somer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "somiere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sumer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "summer oblique singular, m (oblique plural summers, nominative singular summers, nominative plural summer)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "summer (pack horse)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "#Etymology_2"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "summer (beam)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "#Etymology_2"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "summer"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'summer oblique singular or', originally 'summer oblique singular or m'",
  "path": [
    "summer"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "summer",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'summer oblique singular or', originally 'summer oblique singular or m'",
  "path": [
    "summer"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "summer",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'summer oblique singular or' in 'summer oblique singular, m (oblique plural summers, nominative singular summers, nominative plural summer)'",
  "path": [
    "summer"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "summer",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"summer" meaning in Old French

Noun